If you are a U.S. citizen, you do not need a visa for short visits (up to 90 days within 180 days) to countries in the Schengen Area. The Schengen Area includes 27 European countries with no border controls. However, starting in 2025, U.S. citizens must apply for an ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) travel authorization before entering the Schengen Area.
If you are a U.S. resident but not a U.S. citizen, you may need to apply for a Schengen visa before travelling. The requirements will depend on your nationality and the country you plan to visit first.
Types of Visas for Europe
There are different types of visas for Europe, depending on the purpose of your visit:
- Schengen Visa (Short Stay Visa): This visa is issued for tourism, business, or visiting family and friends. It allows stays of up to 90 days within 180 days. It is valid for all 27 Schengen countries, meaning you can travel freely within the area once you enter.
- Long-Stay Visa (National Visa): This visa is required if you plan to study, work, or reside in a European country for more than 90 days. Each country has its regulations, and you may need to apply for a residence permit after arrival.
- Transit Visa: If you have a layover in a Schengen country but do not plan to stay, you may need a transit visa. It is generally required for travellers from certain non-U.S. nationalities who only pass through a Schengen airport.
How to Apply for a Schengen Visa from the USA?
If you are not a U.S. citizen and need a visa, follow these steps to apply for a Schengen visa:
Determine Which Country to Apply To
If you are visiting multiple Schengen countries, you must apply at the country’s consulate, where you will spend the most time. If the stay duration is equal in multiple countries, you must apply at the consulate of the first entry point.
Gather Required Documents
Most Schengen visa applications require the following:
- Schengen Visa Application Form: Fully completed and signed.
- Valid Passport: It must be valid for at least three months beyond your planned departure from the Schengen Area and have at least two blank pages.
- Recent Passport-Sized Photos: Typically, two photos meet Schengen visa requirements (white background, neutral facial expression, etc.).
- Proof of Travel Itinerary: Flight reservations, hotel bookings, or an invitation letter from a European host.
Schedule a Visa Appointment
Most Schengen countries require applicants to book an appointment at their consulate or visa application centre (such as VFS Global or TLScontact). Availability varies, so book as early as possible, especially during peak travel seasons.
Attend the Visa Interview
During the visa interview, you may be asked about:
- The purpose of your trip and planned activities
- Your financial status and ability to support yourself during your stay
- Travel history and ties to your home country
- Your accommodation and itinerary in Europe
Provide clear and honest answers. Your application may be delayed or denied if your documents are incomplete or unclear.
Pay the Visa Fee
The standard Schengen visa fee is approximately €80 for adults and €40 for children under 12. Some applicants, such as students and researchers, may be eligible for a reduced fee or exemption. Payments are typically via credit/debit card or money order at the visa centre.
Wait for Processing
Visa processing times vary but typically take 15 calendar days. Some applications may take longer (up to 45 days) if additional verification is required. It is best to apply at least one month before your planned departure.
Collect Your Visa
If your visa is approved, you will receive a visa sticker on your passport. This sticker indicates the validity period and number of allowed entries (single, double, or multiple). If denied, you will receive a letter explaining the reason for rejection and information on how to appeal or reapply.
Conclusion
Whether you need a visa for Europe depends on your nationality and length of stay. U.S. citizens can travel visa-free for short trips but will need ETIAS starting in 2025. Non-citizens must apply for a Schengen visa before travelling. Always check the latest requirements with the country’s consulate you plan to visit.