
Your child may acquire U.S. citizenship at birth if at least one parent was a U.S. citizen when the child was born abroad. This citizenship can be documented through a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA), also known as a Certificate of Birth Abroad or Form FS-240.
The CRBA is issued by a U.S. embassy or consulate and is officially known as Form FS-240. Understanding the application process, required documents, appointment procedures, and replacement options can make the process easier to navigate.
What Is a Certificate of Birth Abroad?
A Certificate of Birth Abroad is an official U.S. citizenship document for a child born abroad who acquired U.S. citizenship at birth through a U.S. citizen parent.
The U.S. Department of State reviews the child’s birth, the U.S. citizen parent’s citizenship, and the required evidence of physical presence or residence before issuing the CRBA
A foreign birth certificate (FBC) is not a CRBA. Nor is it a passport or a travel document. The Department of State does say a CRBA is evidence of U.S. citizenship, however.
Older records may use the historical Form FS-545 Certificate of Birth Abroad. These older documents may still be relevant depending on the circumstances in establishing citizenship.
How Do You Apply for a CRBA?
The CRBA process usually begins with the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country where the child was born. Parents can start an application online with many U.S. embassies and consulates.
Form DS-2029 is used to apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad. In general, the application must be made prior to the child’s 18th birthday. Specific instructions from the embassy/consulate in charge of the case must be reviewed by parents as procedures may differ by location.
Typical steps include:
- Complete the required CRBA application.
- Gather the child’s birth certificate and supporting documents.
- Provide evidence of the U.S. citizen parent’s citizenship and identity.
- Provide evidence supporting the parent’s required physical presence or residence in the United States.
- Schedule a CRBA appointment with the appropriate U.S. embassy or consulate.
- Attend the appointment with the child and required documents.
- Wait for the application to be reviewed and the CRBA to be issued.
What Documents Do You Need for a CRBA?
Required documents depend on the family’s circumstances, but the application can require evidence such as:
- Child’s foreign birth certificate
- U.S. passport or other proof of the parent’s citizenship
- Parents’ identification
- Parents’ marriage certificate, when applicable
- Evidence of the U.S. citizen parent’s physical presence or residence
- Additional documents related to the child’s parents or circumstances
For certain cases, additional forms may be required. For example, Form DS-5507 can be relevant when the U.S. citizen parent is not present or when specific citizenship transmission evidence is needed.
It is important to follow the document instructions provided by the specific embassy or consulate rather than relying on a general checklist alone.
Is a CRBA Proof of Citizenship?
Yes. Once issued by the U.S. Department of State, a CRBA serves as evidence that the child acquired U.S. citizenship at birth. The instructions to the applicants for the CRBA explicitly state that the CRBA is a proof of U.S. citizenship.
But if the child wants to travel abroad, a CRBA isn’t an alternative to a U.S. passport. It does not, either alone, create legal custody, and does not prove the child’s legal or biological connection to the parents.
How Can You Replace a Consular Report of Birth Abroad?
If an original CRBA is lost, damaged, or needs to be amended, an eligible person can request a replacement or amended record through the U.S. Department of State’s vital records process. A replacement or amendment may be requested by the individual named on the record, the parent of a child under 18 or another authorized person.
The applicants are required to make the relevant request form, identification and payment in order to replace the Consular Report of Birth Abroad. The Department of State also provides instructions for requesting duplicates and corrections.

What About Form DS-5542?
Form DS-5542 is used for certain requests involving Department of State vital records, including requests related to obtaining an apostille for eligible documents.
For an apostille request, the Department of State currently requires the following: a notarized DS-5542, valid identification and applicable payment.
DS-5542 is not the application form used to obtain a CRBA for a child. Parents should follow the CRBA application instructions provided by the appropriate U.S. embassy or consulate.
Conclusion:
A certificate of birth abroad is vital evidence of U.S. citizenship for a child born abroad. The following steps are involved: filling in the relevant form, establishing the child’s birth and the parent’s citizenship, furnishing supporting proof, and going through the necessary process at the Embassy/consulate.
If you must apply for CRBA, make sure to read the existing directions for the U.S. embassy or consulate that will process your application. The Department of State also offers a procedure for getting a duplicate or change to an existing record if it is misplaced or requires modification.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a certificate of birth abroad?
A certificate of birth abroad, or CRBA, is a U.S. Department of State document that records that a child born abroad acquired U.S. citizenship at birth.
What is Form FS-240?
Form FS-240 is the official Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by the U.S. Department of State.
Is a CRBA proof of U.S. citizenship?
Yes. A CRBA documents U.S. citizenship acquired at birth, although it is not a passport or travel document.
Who can apply for a CRBA?
A parent, legal guardian, person acting in place of a parent, or the child may apply on the child’s behalf, subject to the applicable requirements.
When should I apply for a CRBA?
The CRBA application generally must be filed before the child’s 18th birthday. It is best to begin the process as early as possible.
Can I apply for a CRBA online?
Many U.S. embassies and consulates allow applicants to begin the process online although procedures vary by location.
What is the FS-545 Certificate of Birth Abroad?
FS-545 is a historical Certificate of Birth issued by U.S. consular authorities. Current CRBAs are issued as Form FS-240.
Can I replace a lost CRBA?
Yes. The Department of State’s Vital Records Office allows eligible individuals to request a replacement or amended CRBA.
What is Form DS-5542 used for?
DS-5542 is used for certain requests involving Department of State vital records, including some requests for an apostille on a CRBA.
Where do I apply for a CRBA?
You generally apply through the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country where the child was born. Many locations provide online application instructions.



































































































































































































































